Recent studies on the development and applications of Chinese reference phantoms are reported in this paper. The Chinese adult reference male (CRAM) and female (CRAF) phantoms had been developed in previous work. A Chinese male phantom library was constructed with 7 different heights ranging from 155 cm to 185 cm and 12 phantoms with different total body masses in each height. Chinese paediatric reference phantoms were constructed for 3 months, 1 year, 5 years, 10 years, and 15 years male and female respectively. Detailed organ models were developed, including a set of microscopic skeletal models, a set of detailed breast models, a detailed human respiratory tract model and a detailed eye model. The phantoms were applied in radiation protection, including dose estimation from external exposure and internal exposure, in normal situations and in accidental situations, and detailed dose distributions in radiation-sensitive organs. The phantoms were also applied in medical imaging field such as dose estimation in mammography, CT and X-ray radiology, and could be potentially used in the secondary cancer estimation induced by radiation therapy.
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