Features of Personnel System of Universities in the Late Qing Dynasty: Analysis of Three Charters of the Imperial University of Peking

摘要

It is concluded, after analyzing and contrasting Charters of three universities in the late Qing Dynasty to current system, that the personnel system of universities in the late Qing Dynasty is featured by: I. Intense centralization. Management of Official School Education System in the late Qing Dynasty was applicable to both national governance and school administration; II. Bureaucratic assignment of university personnel; III. Semi-colonial personnel system. At that time, personnel system of university was always intervened by foreign powers due to dependent state sovereignty in the late Qing Dynasty; and IV. Modernity. New personnel management emerged in universities. New personnel managements like Democratic Management and Contract Management are in their infancy.