EVALUATION OF IMMUNOMODULATORY EFFECTS OF SOME LACTIC ACID BACTERIA IN TURBOT (SCOPHTHALMUS MAXIMUS)

摘要

The increased intensification of aquaculture has led to a high number of disease outbreaks with an increasing range of pathogens. Consequently, the extensive use of broad-spectrum antibiotics in aquaculture has lead, as in other fields, to drug resistance problems. In order to improve health and welfare in the rearing of these animals, several alternatives such as improving husbandry nutrition, water quality, lowering stocking densities, using vaccines, non-specific immunostimulants (Figueras et al.1997) and bacterial probiotics such as lactic acid bacteria (Ringo and Gastesoupe, 1998) have been proposed.