Phased arrays for the new millennium

摘要

This is a survey paper summarizing the recent developments and future trends in passive, active bipolar and Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuitry (MMIC) phased arrays for ground, ship, air and space applications. Covered would be the THAAD (formerly GBR), European COBRA and Israel BMD radar antennas; Dutch shipboard APAR; airborne US F-22, European AMSAR, Swedish AESA, Japan FSX and Israel Phalcon; Iridium (66 satellites in orbit for total of 198 antennas) and Globaistar MMIC spaceborne antenna systems; Thomson-CSF wafer integration 94 GHz seeker antenna; digital beamforming; ferroelectric row-column scanning; optical electronic scanning for communications and radar; the MMIC C-band to Ku-band Advanced Shared Aperture Program (ASAP) antenna system for communications, radar, electronics countermeasures (ECM) and ESM; and continuous transverse stub (CTS) voltage-variable dielectric (VVD) antenna.