The formal estimation and expression of measurement uncertainty when calibrating dimensional measuring instruments is still a relatively new concept. Most of the dimensional metrology uncertainty examples available in the literature deal with fixed dimensional gages, i.e. material measures, such as the calibration of gage blocks, other length gages, and cylindrical gages. There is little authoritative literature available that discusses the uncertainty when calibrating or testing variable dimensional measuring instruments, from micrometers to calipers to coordinate measuring machines (CMMs). This paper addresses the key uncertainty differences between the calibration of material measures and measuring instruments. The fundamental issues are presented along with proposed solutions and a summary of key topics for future research.
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