The complete time history of damage for a tungsten projectile impacting on a 4340 steel target plate at an initial velocity of 1300 m/sec has been determined by application of the energy density damage theory. The uniaxial stress and strain response for the tungsten and 4340 steel at different strain rates are required as input that can be easily found from standard tests. Behaviors of the elements at different strain rates can vary from one location to another as the projectile proceeds to thrust through the target. During the stage of plugging, both the surface separation and fragmentation of the target for each time increment are predicted by application of the energy density theory. These results undoubtedly provide sufficient evidence that the energy density theory can realistically predict and explain the different failure modes associated with projectile impact.
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