360° video and Virtual Reality are powerful techniques for giving viewers a sense of 'Being There' [1], and are becoming increasingly popular. However, giving the viewer the freedom to look around also results in a reduced ability for filmmakers to direct the viewer's attention, a serious impediment to successfully telling a story within a 360° environment. We have created a number of 360° clips, filmed in such a way as to demonstrate and test several unobtrusive techniques for directing a viewer's attention within a 360° panorama. We have evaluated these techniques in a user study in which participants viewed these clips using a head-mounted display. Qualitative and quantitative data from these tests have been analysed to evaluate the effectiveness of the different attention-directing techniques. Qualitative data was also captured to explore the effect of the camera being addressed directly, and the viewers' responses to action occurring at a range of distances.
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