摘要:
经济社会双重转型背景下,城市群已成为带动区域经济增长的主要地域单元,其形成与发展以城市扩张为基础,需不断占用农地资源.当前主要问题为农地城市流转过度,粮食安全受到威胁、生态环境遭到不可逆转的破坏.基于此,本文以中国16大城市群为研究对象,考虑环境污染,应用基于方向性距离函数的Malmquist-Luenberger指数,利用1999年至2013共15年的面板数据,借助数据包络分析法(DEA),对农地城市流转全要素生产率(TFP)进行测算和分析.结果显示:①研究农地城市流转TFP时考虑非期望产出即环境污染是合理且必要的.②1999年至2013年,农地城市流转参与社会经济生产的过程中,减少污染与环境副作用的技术发展与推广还存在障碍,提高生产要素投入质量的能力有限.③对16大城市群而言,农地城市流转TFP在研究期内均下降,西部城市群下降幅度最大,中部和东部次之,东北较小.④珠三角、长三角和武汉城市群在农地城市流转参与社会经济生产过程中对先进技术的运用较为合理和充分,作为“环境技术领先者”次数较多.针对研究结论,为我国城市群有效进行农地城市流转提出几点建议:第一,合理控制农地城市流转规模与城市增长边界,优化农地城市流转TFP,并提升城市群经济发展质量.第二,充分考虑农地城市流转TFP及其构成要素的区域差异,根据各城市群发展特征、资源禀赋状况以及区域功能定位差异等特点,实施土地利用差别化管理.第三,更多地使用可再生的资源和环保能源,并对土地资源加以合理配置和离效利用,走绿色环保城市群发展道路.%Under the background of socioeconomic transformation,metropolitan areas have become major geographic units that support regional economic growth.The formation and development of metropolitan areas are based on the urban sprawl and always encroach on farmland.Problems then arise:excessive land conversion from rural to urban areas which impedes on food security and lead to irreversible destruction of ecological environment.This paper took 16 metropolitan areas in China as study areas,considered environmental pollution as an undesirable output,and used Malmquist-Luenberger index based on Directional Distance Functions to measure the Total Factor Productivity (TFP) of Rural-urban Land Conversion (RULC) which relied on the method of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and the data from 1999 to 2013.The results were:①When we studied the TFP of RULC,it was reasonable and necessary to consider the undesirable output (environment pollution).②From 1999 to 2013,there were barriers in the development and promotion of the technique which could be used to reduce environment pollution and its side effect in the process of socioeconomic production with RULC participating,therefore,the production factors could not be used efficiently.③The average TFP of RULC of the 16 metropolitan areas in China decreased smoothly from the western,the northeastern and central to the eastern metropolitan areas during the study period.④ The number of times that Pearl River Delta,Yangtze River Delta and Wuhan metropolitan areas became innovators were the most,because these metropolitan areas could use the advanced technique rationally in socioeconomic production with RULC participating.According to the research results and in order to improve efficiency of RULC in the metropolitan areas in China,we put forward some suggestions:firstly,the amount of the rural-urban conversion land and boundary of urban growth must be reasonable controlled,TFP of RULC should be optimized,and the quality of economic development in metropolitan areas must be promoted;secondly,regional differences of TFP of RULC and its components must be taken into full consideration and differential management strategy of land use can be implemented to different metropolitan areas according to their development features,resource endowment and regional function orientations;lastly,renewable resource and green energy must be more used and land resource must be allocated reasonably and used efficiendy,and we must follow the green development path.