摘要：
2010年6～7月,利用抽样调查方法对黄渤海区32个主要渔港、渔村的张网渔业进行了实地调查和现场测量.依据调查资料并结合2009年度河北、辽宁、山东以及天津三省一市的渔具渔法调查报告、1983～2009年中国渔业年鉴中记载的张网捕捞产量分类统计资料,对黄渤海区的张网渔业进行了研究.结果表明,1998年张网产量最高,达90.43万t,贡献率为17.18％,此后逐年波动下降.当前,张网是黄渤海区捕捞作业的重要渔具渔法之一,处在第3位,年产量为38.15万t,贡献率为10.49％.目前在黄渤海区进行捕捞作业的张网共有4个型、7个式、19种张网网型、总量69万顶.辽宁省的张网数量占三省一市张网数量的53.54％,主要分布在辽东湾作业；河北省的张网数量占24.69％,主要分布在渤海湾作业；山东省的张网数量占23.08％,主要分布在日照至烟台近海作业.其中以捕捞海蜇、虾类和小杂鱼为主的并列单片张网占54.51％；以捕捞毛虾为主的双锚竖杆张网占16.12％.大多数张网的最小网目尺寸均在4～30mm之间.综合分析表明,张网在黄渤海区渔业中所占比重较大、选择性较差、最小网目尺寸偏小,不利于黄渤海区渔业资源可持续利用.%Survey and field measurements of the stow net fishery in the 32 main fishing ports and villages along Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea were carried out from June to July in 2010.The stow net fishing composition and operation in Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea was studied based on the investigation data listed in the 2009 annual report on the stow net fishing gears and fishing methods issued individually by Provincial Fishery Bureaus of Hebei,Liaoning,Shandong and Tianjin,and data from Chinese Fisheries Yearbook from 1983 to 2009.The results showed that the production by stow net fishing was the highest in 1983 with a yield of 904 300 tonnes and a contribution rate of 17.18%,and was decreased year by year thereafter.Currently,stow net fishery is the major fishing gear and fishing method in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea area with an annual production of 381,500 tons and a contribution rate of 10.49%.Now there are 690,000 stow nets in 4 types,7 styles and 19 kinds operating in the studied area.Among all of the stow nets in three provinces and one city,53.54% are operating along the coast of Liaoning Province,mainly in the Liaodong Bay; Hebei accounts for 24.69%,mainly in the Bohai Bay; and 23.08% are used along the coast from Rizhao to Yantai in Shandong Province.Among the stow nets,54.51% are parallel single-net stow nets for the shellfishes,shrimps and trash fishes,and 16.12% are double-anchor vertical-bar stow nets for Acetes chinensis.The minimum mesh sizes of the stow nets are between 4～30mm.The comprehensive analysis shows that stow net is the major fishery method in the studied area with poor selectivity due to small mesh sizes,which is unfavorable to sustainable utilization of the fishery resource in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea area.
