Methods for determining renal function in an animal subject, the method including measuring the concentration of ß-aminoisobutyric acid (ß-amino isobutyrate) (BAIB) in patients samples and determining the presence, likelihood, or progression of kidney disease as a result of structural damage, or mortality associated with kidney disease. The methods also include measuring the concentration of BAIB in combination is symmetrical dimethyl arginine (SDMA) and determining kidney disease based upon the concentrations of BAIB and SDMA in the samples. Anti-BAIB antibodies, BAIB-conjugates, and assay methods using the antibodies and conjugates are also disclosed.
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