Les contours de líntervention en ergonomie prospective: Analyse comparative de l´ ergonomie prospective et du design stratégique dans 12 études de cas

摘要

This dissertation argues for a prospective turn in ergonomics to challenge the established fields of strategic design (SD) and management. Differences, similarities and relationships between strategic design and prospective ergonomics are being reviewed using existing theories and frameworks from design, ergonomics, strategic and innovation management. To complement the theoretical part, 12 cases have been analysed in greater depth according to 4 main dimensions of analysis. Outcomes have ishown that innovating through PE approach is about finding the right balance between on one hand meeting primary objectives, such as profit maximisation or solving the design problem, and on the other hand achieving social and human well-being, personal interest and ambitions, family relations, etc. Intervention of prospective ergonomics within a classical strategy perspective requires organizations to couple push-pull market strategies while considering the interest of different stakeholders throughout all stages of the development process. This means that prescriptive approaches, methods and tools in the positivist mode should be complemented with constructive modes of reasoning and designing as well as reflective methods and tools, while taking into consideration all levels and perspectives of value creation. From an educational perspective, the transfer of design knowledge and skills requires a mentorship and scholarship approach in research-, or practice-based learning, which implies a hermeneutic, reflective and participatory mode of design reasoning within a constructivist worldview.