Aldehydes (Nonanal and Hexanal) in Rat and Human Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid211 After Ozone Exposure

摘要

The authors hypothesized that exposure of health humans to ozone at211u001econcentrations found in ambient air causes both ozonation and peroxidation of 211u001elipids epithelial lining fluid. Smokers (12) and nonsmokers (15) were exposed 211u001eonce to air and twice to 0.22 ppm ozone for 4 hours with exercise in an 211u001eenvironmental chamber; each exposure was separated by at least 3 weeks. 211u001eBronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed immediately after one ozone exposure 211u001eand 18 hours after the other ozone exposure. Lavage fluid was analyzed for two 211u001ealdehyde products of ozonation and liquid peroxidation, nonanal and hexanal, as 211u001ewell as for total protein, albumin, and immunoglobulin M (IgM) as markers of 211u001echanges in epithelial permeability. Ozone exposure resulted in a significant 211u001eearly increase in nonanal (p<0.0001), with no statistically significant 211u001erelationship between increases in nonanal and lung function changes, airway 211u001einflammation, or change sin epithelial permeability. Increases in hexanal levels 211u001ewere not statistically significant (p=0.16). Both nonanal and hexanal levels 211u001ereturned to baseline by 18 hours after exposure. These studies confirm that 211u001eexposure to ozone with exercise at concentrations relevant to urban outdoor air 211u001eresults in ozonation of lipids in the airway epithelial lining fluid of humans.