Task Conditions Versus Stable Individual Differences as Determinants of Experts' Judgement Policies

摘要

An analysis of twenty-one highway experts' judgments of the safety of a set of highways, under three different task conditions, was undertaken to determine whether task conditions or stable individual differences in judgment policy had the stronger role in determining the experts' judgment performances. Two analytical approaches were used: comparing the correlations among performances within each individual expert over the different task conditions, and within each task over the different experts, and clustering the performances and inspecting whether clusters were made up primarily of performances from the same individuals or from the same task conditions. While the approach of comparing correlations of performances gave ambiguous results, the clustering approach clearly indicated that task condition, not stable individual judgment policy, determines similarities among judgment performances. (Author)