Field resistance to the Bacillus thuringiensis protein Cry1Ac expressed in Bollgard((R)) hybrid cotton in pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), populations in India

摘要

BACKGROUNDBollgard((R)) cotton, expressing Cry1Ac insecticidal protein, was approved for commercial planting in India in 2002, and by 2009 constituted 87% of the Indian crop, reducing losses from lepidopteran pests, including pink bollworm (PBW), Pectinophora gossypiella. Inadequate control of PBW in fields of single-gene Bollgard cotton was reported in 2009; surveys revealed heavy infestations of PBW in Bollgard, restricted to Gujarat state, but not elsewhere in India.