Enhancing sustainable Development of Diverse agriculture in viet nam

摘要

Since de-collectivization in 1988, peasant household surveys in North Viet Nam have shown that different types of households exist according to their relation with the market. A high percentage of households, especially the poor, are still at the stage of subsistence farming, they do not produce for the market. Another category of peasants sells some products at the market, not for commercial purposes but for the exchange of other products for consumption that they cannot produce themselves. This isstill subsistence farming. The percentage of these households is still high, especially in North Viet Nam. For these types of households, constraints are not only the lack of market access but also the lack of services helping them to change from subsistence to commercial production. A study of the relationships between households and the market showed that the strategy of poor households is diversification while that of the rich is specialization. Specialized households have good co-ordination with marketing channels conducted by private actors, while the diversified households have an unstable connection with the market. The major constraint is the high transaction cost due to the small-scale of the farms, therefore the farm gate price is low.