Grape (Vitis vinifera) Seed and Skin Flours Contribute Flavor and Functionality to Baked Goods

摘要

California wine growers crushed 3.3 million tons of grapes in 2011, resulting in 660,000 tons of pomace. Grape seeds and skins represent =20% of the total fresh fruit weight that enters a winery. Most pomace is sent to landfills, and the remainder isreturned to farms as livestock feed or composted fertilizer. Although it is suitable for use as a natural fertilizer, it may be more valuable as a food ingredient because as much as half of the nutrient value of grapes is contained in these fruit solids.