In vitro and in vivo biocontrol of Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. f. sp. dianthi (Prill, and Delacr.) Snyder and Hans, with native antagonist fungi from the flower-producing area in Villa Guerrero, State of Mexico

摘要

Forty five isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi and other 45 of antagonistic fungi (T01-T45): Trichoderma spp. (35) and Gliocladium spp. (10), were obtained from commercial carnation plantations in Villa Guerrero, Mexico. The antagonistic activity of isolates was evaluated in vitro, and compared against two comercial strains: T. harzianum "PHC T-22" (T46), T. lignorum "Biotrol" (T47), and against a native strain of T. harzianum (T48). The enzymatic activity of the most effective isolates wasassessed in greeenhouse. Native strains T20, T22, T23, T24, T25 and the commercial T47 of T. lignorum showed nightly significant differences to: invasion of the pathogen's colony, radial growth of the antagonist, and difference in radial growth in vitro. The cellulolitic activity of strains T25 and T47 was significantly higher in soil without disinfection; T47 also showed such activity in disinfected soil. Native strains are an alternative to control "dormilona" of carnation caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi, to enhance biocontrol of pathogens, and to contribute to reduce the use of pesticides in the flower-producing zone.