Applications and needs of fish and shellfish cell culture for disease control in aquaculture [Review]

摘要

This review focuses on the application of cell culture and in vitro methods to address some of the key elements identified as strategies for integrated health management in aquaculture, including the standardization and validation of diagnostic methods, the development of new safe therapeutants, and the implementation of effective disease control methodologies. It is expected that any long-term rise in seafood production will depend on the future progress of aquaculture. However, the development of aquaculture faces a number of problems, of which diseases-particularly the emergence of new pathogens-represent serious risks for the production of aquatic animals, but also for the health of fish farmers and of the consumers of aquaculture products. The complex interactions underlying disease outbreak and progression may be better studied using in vitro models that use cell/tissue culture methods and experimental systems, in which the interactions between aggressors and the host can be dissected. Researchers have developed in vitro assays for fish toxicological, pathological, and immunological studies, as the in vitro assays allow higher control of the conditions of the experiments. The combination of cell/tissue cultures and in vitro assays reduces also the variability of the in vivo responses, which are due to the unavoidable effects of stress and of environmental influences, and to the disparate genetic backgrounds of farmed fish and shellfish species. [References: 337]