Effect of distance to forest and habitat characteristics on endemic versus introduced rat species in agroforest landscapes of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia

摘要

The data demonstrate that the distance from a pathogen to a probiotic strain can be surprisingly short. We demonstrate that Nissle 1917, in spite of its intestinal niche origin, grows well in urine, and is a good biofilm former in this medium in which it also out-competes CFT073 during planktonic growth. The role in biofilm formation of three up-regulated genes, yhaK, yhcN and ybiJ, was confirmed by knockout mutants in Nissle 1917 and CFT073. Two of these mutants CFT073 DeltayhcN and CFT073 DeltaybiJ had significantly reduced motility compared with the parent strain, arguably accounting for the impaired biofilm formation.