Stem Cell Differentiation Enhancer: KO-202516 Enhances Osteohistogenesis, Myogenesis, Adipogenesis and Osteoclastogenesis

摘要

Stem cells are unspecialized progenitor cells that have the ability to self-renew to produce more stem cells, and to differentiate into diverse specialized cell types in response to distinct signals. Several types of stem cells are found in the body; hematopoietic stem cells are found in the bone marrow and give rise to the various types of blood cells, whereas mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are of stromal origin and differentiate into a variety of tissues, including bone, cartilage, adipose tissue, tendon, ligament, and muscle. When stem cells are cultured in vitro, they differentiate into distinct cell types of interest via the addition of specific differentiation factor(s) and/or changing the culture conditions. For example, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 and horse serum (HS) experimentally trigger the osteogenesis and myogenesis of mesenchymal C2C12 cells, respectively. Therefore, MSCs can be used to regenerate damaged tissues, such as bone (bone fracture healing), when encased in tissue-specific scaffolds and implanted into the tissue of interest.