Patterns of Zonal Changes in the Spatial Structure of Orthopteran Communities in the European Steppe

摘要

Patterns of zonal changes in the species composition, diversity, and community structure of Orthoptera were studied along the latitudinal series of steppe types from meadow to desert steppe in European Russia. The maximum abundance of Orthoptera was recorded in the typical steppe, while the maximum species richness shifted to the southern dry steppe. Changes in the ecological preferences of orthopterans due to aridization are shown by the example of zonal communities. A gradual decline of the forest-steppe orthopteran complex and an increase in the number of semidesert and desert species are demonstrated. The changes in the species composition are accompanied by the intra-landscape shifts of areas with high species diversity. Most species in the meadow steppe occupy mesophytic habitats in depressions. In the typical and dry steppe, the species richness and abundance are restricted to habitats with zonal and xerophytic vegetation. In the desert steppe, the species diversity is the highest in dry habitats, including halophytic ones, where xerophilic and desert species predominate. The diversity and evenness indices increase in the northern and southern ecotones of the steppe zone.