Agricultural development and water scarce in semi-arid and arid zones necessitates the use of marginal water for irrigation (saline and treated wastewater) and thus preserving freshwater for the rising demand in the urban sector. Drip irrigation has become an effective form of irrigation with marginal water because the surface area across which water infiltration takes place is relatively small causing higher water velocity in the vicinity of the dripper and thus displacing solutes beyond the root zone and controlling the amount of water from the dripper. This means that high soil water content can be maintained in the root zone with little fluctuation during the irrigation cycle.
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