MOTHER–CHILD AND FATHER–CHILD INTERACTION WITH THEIR 24-MONTH-OLD CHILDREN DURING FEEDING, CONSIDERING PATERNAL INVOLVEMENT AND THE CHILD’S TEMPERAMENT IN A COMMUNITY SAMPLE

摘要

The article aims to study mother–child and father–child interactions with 24-month-old children during feeding, considering the possible influence of time spent by the parent with the child, the infantile temperament, and the parental psychological profile. The families were recruited from 12 preschools in Italy (N = 77 families). Through an observation of the feeding [Scala di Valutazione dell’Interazione Alimentare (SVIA – Feeding Scale; I. Chatoor et al., 1997; L. Lucarelli et al., 2002)], self-reporting [Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R; L.R. Derogatis, 1994), and report-form questionnaires [Italian Questionnaires on Temperament (QUIT; G. Axia, 2002)], and information provided by the parents about the amount of time spent with their children, results showed that the overall quality of father–child interactions during feeding is lower than that of mother–child interactions. Fathers showed higher psychological symptoms than did mothers. No associations were found between the fathers’ psychopathological risk and the quality of interactions with their children during feeding. Mothers’ psychopathological risks predicted less contingent exchanges interactions with their children during feeding. Children’s temperaments significantly influence mother–child interactions, but no association exists between maternal involvement and the quality of interactions with their children. Paternal involvement predicts a better quality of father–infant interactions when associated with a child’s higher scores on Social Orientation. The quality of parents’ interactions with their children during feeding are impacted by different issues originating from the parent’s psychological profile, the degree of involvement, and from the child’s temperament.