La gouvernance métropolitaine écartelée entre adaptation économique et spatiale à la globalisation et respect de la démocratie locale, l'exemple de la fusion de Toronto (Canada)

摘要

In 1997, the city of Toronto was amalgamated with the 5 surrounding municipalities. The amalgamation was presented by the Progressive Conservative provincial government as a way to deal with the economic and spatial changes provoked by globalization. The project had to face strong contestation, led by the organization Citizens for Local Democracy C4LD. Citizens feared that the local power they had through the elections would be weakened by the new structure which was built for economic purposes only. The amalgamation symbolizes the opposition between two conceptions of the governance of a city which are difficult to reconcile. Since 2003 however, the new mayor of Toronto, David Mi Her has been trying to develop a new vision for Toronto which is a combination of the two concepts. In that perspective, it wou!d be informative to assess the economic, social and financial consequences of this operation in order to understand what has changed in Toronto.