Scaphoid anatomy and mechanics: update and review

摘要

Although traditionally described as a single joint, the wrist is a complex articulation between the individual carpal bones, which also articulate with the bases of the metacarpals distally, and the distal radius and triangular fibrocartilage complex proximally. The scaphoid functions as a complex link between the proximal and distal carpal rows of the wrist and, therefore, the scaphoid and the ligaments that support it are the most vulnerable structures in the wrist. Because of its anatomy, load mechanics, and kinematics the scaphoid plays an important role in wrist function and is the most likely of the carpal bones to be injured. Scaphoid instability or nonunion causes change in wrist mechanics that can lead to secondary degenerative changes. The purpose of this manuscript is to review scaphoid anatomy, mechanics, and kinematics to elucidate the scaphoid's role in wrist anatomy and function.