The first decision to make regarding bonsai carving is how the artist wants the carved area to look. There are two types of carving, or looks, with some overlap between them--smooth or rough/jagged. In addition there are three types of exposed wood: adead branch (jin), the dead area of the trunk or branch (shari) and a hollowed out area (uro), each telling its own story. Smooth style equates to age. Texture and smoothness are created in nature over many years of abrasion by small wind born particles, which over time, sands the exposed surfaces smooth.
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