Abstract Purpose The improvement in transmission loss (TL) in the target frequency band is the primary goal of exhaust muffler design. The non-reflective boundary conditions are simulated, and the transmission loss is calculated using the finite element method.Methods By modifying structural elements such as the expansion diameter, expansion length, open area ratio, and baffle plate, the reactive muffler used in the farm tractor was given an improved TL using the finite element method (FEM). Improved mufflers’ noise emission was tested and compared to that of an existing reactive-type muffler. The tests were conducted in accordance with ISO 7216 and ISO 5131, the worldwide requirements for product noise emissions while considering different types of exhaust systems, location of the sound level meter, engine speed, and operating gear. The collected data was examined using a factorial test that was based on a fully randomized design.Results The modified muffler-2’s TL in the frequency range of 0–2000 Hz increased on average by 22.75 dB in comparison to the existing reactive-type muffler. According to the outcomes of a completely randomized design, the primary influences of engine speed, gear position, and exhaust type on the noise produced by tractors were found to be significant at a 5% level of significance. Modified muffler-2 decreased tractor sound pressure level for a range of 2.26–3.03 dBA in all treatments.Conclusions Structural modification in reactive muffler based on FEM helped in improving transmission loss which results in the reduced sound pressure level of the tractor.
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