Enhancement of the chemical composition and the yield of anise seed (Pimpinella anisum L.) oils and fruits by growth regulators.

摘要

Field experiments conducted in Egypt for two seasons were conducted to study the effect of spraying the growth regulators GA3 at 0, 50, 75 and 100 ppm and kinetin at 0, 25, 50 and 75 ppm separately at pre-flowering and pre-setting stages, on the yield and oils quality of anise plant (P. amisum) seeds. Fruit yield, essential and fixed oils percentage in addition to their physical and chemical properties were determined. The main components of seed oils were investigated by gas chromatography (GC). The results reveal that, GA3 at 50 and 75 ppm and Kinetin at 25 and 50 ppm, increased the dry seed yield and the essential oil percentage significantly, while the total lipids percentages were slightly influenced. The acid number of anise seed fixed oil increased at the high doses of applied growth regulators, while the ester, saponification, iodine and peroxide were around control values. GC chromatographic analyses of anise fixed oil were not influenced by the growth regulator treatments. GA3 at 100 ppm increased the saponification value of essential oil, while all concentrations of GA3 in addition to kinetin at 25 and 50 ppm significantly lowered the acid value concomitant with an increase in ester and saponification values. GC analysis of anise essential oil manifested anethol and methyl chavicol as main constituents; also both the treatment with GA3 at 50 ppm and kinetin at 25 and 50 ppm increased the major constituent anethol at different extents..