Treatment Planning and Surgical Considerations in Implant Therapy forPatients With Agenesis, Oligodontia, and Ectodermal Dysplasia: Review and Case Presentation

摘要

The incidence of population afflicted with missing teeth linked to agenesis, oligodontia, and ectodermal dysplasia has been shown to be 4.34%. Hidrotic and hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasias (HEDs) are a group of congenital syndromes characterized by malformations or agenesis of structures of ectodermal origin, resulting in alopecia, dermatologic symptoms such as uneven pigmentation, and cranio-facial abnormalities such as frontal bossing. The primary distinctions between the hidrotic and the more common hypohidrotic forms of ectodermal dysplasia are based on the defects found in the sweat glands, with the hypohidrotic form being more severe. The various defects associated with the hypohidrotic syndrome are dependent on the particular genetic mutation, with the most prevalent form X-linked HED, followed by the less-severe autosomal HED. Less common forms of HED include X-linked HED with immunodeficiency and incontinentia pigmenti. The latter manifests with skin lesions and neurologic and retinal defects. Nonsyndromic oligodontia, although not associated with HED, presents with similar dental manifestations and treatment strategies that have also been addressed in the present review.