Internal targets for monitoring the characteristics of particle beams in synchrotrons

摘要

This overview is devoted to methods and devices with different wire, foil, and gaseous internal targets for online monitoring of the space-time characteristics of the circulating particle beam. Examples of the proposed and developed profilometers based on scanning the diagnosed beam by probes in the form of precision beams of charged or neutral particles are given. Capabilities, advantages, and disadvantages of the methods of virtually nonperturbing diagnostics described above are analyzed. Examples of elementary interactions with large analyzing power of the nuclear polarization of the beam nuclei are given. A number of polarimeters of circulating nuclear beams proposed and developed on their basis for synchrotrons using the appropriate internal targets are considered.