Profitability development of key Czech agricultural commodities in the period 2002-2006.

摘要

This paper examines the impact of the Common Agricultural Policy on the profitability of the Czech Republic's (CR) 10 most important commodities i.e., wheat, barley, rapeseed, sugar beet, potatoes, dairy cows, pigs fattening, poultry, fattening broilers, especially with reference to the comparison of changes in the pre-accession period of 2002-03 and the post-accession period of 2004-06 of the CR to the EU. Two indicators are examined: profitability without supports (R-S) and profitability with supports (R+S). Profitability R-S represents the share of producer prices per production unit and unit costs of the given commodity, in the given region. Profitability R+S represents the share of producer prices and unit support related to the unit costs for the given commodity. It was proven that profitability, R+S in the first period, was positive for most plant commodities while it was negative for most animal commodities. In connection with the membership of the CR in the EU, agricultural supports significantly increased for nearly all commodities as a consequence of the implementation of the Common Agricultural Policy in the Czech agricultural sector. Therefore, the important positive changes of the indicator R+S were monitored in period II for most commodities. The following values of R+S in period I were obtained along with those of period II: wheat 2.6%, resp. 24.9%; barley 27.7%, resp. 39.8%; rapeseed-18.0%, resp. 23.4%; sugar beet 9.1%, resp. 41.4%; potatoes 10.5%, resp. 2.5% (the only case manifesting a decline); milk 2.1%, resp. 8.5%; fattening cattle-14.6%; resp. -3.6%; suckler cows -8.8%, resp. 19.7%; fattening pigs -5.5%, resp. -1.2%; fattening broilers -2.9%, resp. 0.1%.