Forming Mechanism Analysis of the Abnormally High S-34 Baryte Deposits: A Case Study from the Zhenning-Ziyun Large Devonian Baryte Deposits, Guizhou Province, China

摘要

Stratiform baryte deposits are widespread in Cambrian and Devonian strata in China and around the world. In this article, the authors studied the sulfur isotopic features and forming mechanism of the stratiform baryte deposits occurring within the Upper Devonian cherts of the Zhenning-Ziyun county, Guizhou province, located in the Southwestern margin of the Yangtze Platform. The sulfur isotopic data from 18 baryte ore samples of the Leji section of Zhenning county are presented herein with values that range from +41.9 parts per thousand to +68.4 parts per thousand (AVG = +59.9 parts per thousand). The S-34 values of the baryte ore from the Mohao section of Ziyun county are stable and show a narrow range from +41.3 parts per thousand to +47.0 parts per thousand (AVG = +44.0 parts per thousand). In the Luocheng section of Ziyun county, the S-34 values of the baryte ore vary from +27.6 parts per thousand to +36.4 parts per thousand (AVG = +32.7 parts per thousand). The S-34 values of all samples are higher than those of the coeval seawater sulfates (+25 parts per thousand). The scanning electron microscope analysis indicates that spherical, dumbbell-shaped, clavate bacterial and bacteria-like fossils were observed, as well as the irregular schistose and framboid forms of Fe oxides that occur around the surfaces of baryte grains and inter-grains. Fe oxides take irregular schistose and framboid forms. These findings imply the significant concentration of heavy sulfur related to the seawater sulfates with the action of bacterial sulfate reduction in a closed basin. In addition, the trend of the S-34 value of baryte ores is gradually decreasing from the Leji to Mohao and Luocheng sections, which suggests that Leji area is located in the deepwater area of the restricted rift basin, and in a more closed depositional environment.