Geomorphic effectiveness: a linear concept in a non‐linear world

机译：地貌效果：非线性世界中的线性概念

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Abstract >Geomorphic effectiveness has been an influential concept in geomorphology since its introduction by Reds Wolman and John Miller in 1960. It provided a much needed framework to assess the significance of an event by comparing event magnitude to the resultant geomorphic effects. Initially, this concept was applied primarily in river channels, under the linear assumption that geomorphic responses to similarly sized flood events will be consistent. Numerous authors have since attempted to quantify a direct, proportional relationship between event magnitude and different forms of geomorphic response in a variety of geomorphic settings. In doing so, these investigations applied an array of metrics that were difficult to compare across different spatiotemporal scales, and physiographic and geomorphic environments. Critically, the emergence of other geomorphic concepts such as sensitivity, connectivity, thresholds, and recovery has shown that relationships between causes (events) and geomorphic effects (responses) are often complex and non‐linear. >This paper disentangles the complex historical development of the geomorphic effectiveness concept and reviews the utility of various metrics for quantifying effectiveness. We propose that total energy (joules) is the most appropriate metric to use for quantifying the magnitude of disturbance events (cause) and volumetric sediment flux associated with landform modification is the most appropriate metric for quantifying geomorphic effects. While both metrics are difficult to quantify, they are the only ones which facilitate comparison across a range of spatiotemporal scales (comparability) in a variety of geomorphic environments (flexibility). The geomorphic effectiveness concept can continue to be useful provided that geomorphologists use flexible and comparable metrics. Today, geomorphologists a </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> <div class="translation abstracttxt"> <span class="zhankaihshouqi fivelineshidden" id="abstract"> <span>机译：</span><Abstract XMLNS =“http://www.wiley.com/namespaces/wiley”type =“main”> <title type =“main”>抽象</ title> >格式效果是在地貌上有影响力的概念自从1960年通过Reds Wolman和John Miller介绍。它提供了许多需要的框架，以通过将事件幅度与所产生的地貌效应进行比较来评估事件的重要性。最初，这一概念主要应用于河道渠道，在线性假设，即对类似大小的洪水事件的地貌响应将是一致的。许多作者已经尝试在各种地貌设置中量化事件幅度和不同形式的几何响应之间的直接，比例关系。在这样做时，这些调查应用了一系列难以跨不同的时空尺度和地貌和地貌环境进行比较的度量。批判性地，其他地貌概念的出现，如灵敏度，连接，阈值和恢复已经表明，原因（事件）和地貌效应（响应）之间的关系通常复杂和非线性。</ p> >本文解开地貌效果概念的复杂历史发展，并评论了各种指标的效用，以定量效率。我们提出总能源（焦耳）是用于量化扰动事件的大小（原因）和与地形改性相关的体积沉积物通量的最合适的指标是量化地貌效应的最合适的指标。虽然这两个度量都很难量化，但它们是唯一一个在各种地貌环境中促进一系列的时空尺度（可比性）的比较（灵活性）。条件效果概念可以继续有用，条件是地貌学家使用灵活性和可比度量的指标。今天，地貌学家a </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> <div class="record"> <h2 class="all_title" id="enpatent33" >著录项</h2> <ul> <li> <span class="lefttit">来源</span> <div style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"> <a href='/journal-foreign-22319/'>《Earth Surface Processes and Landforms: The journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group》</a> <b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>2018年第1期</span><b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>共17页</span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="author"> <span class="lefttit">作者</span> <p id="fAuthorthree" class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi"> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Lisenby Peyton E.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Lisenby Peyton E.;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Croke Jacky&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Croke Jacky;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Fryirs Kirstie A.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Fryirs Kirstie A.;</a> </p> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zkzz" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </li> <li> <div style="display: flex;"> <span class="lefttit">作者单位</span> <div style="position: relative;margin-left: 3px;max-width: 639px;"> <div class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi" id="fOrgthree"> <p>Department of Environmental SciencesMacquarie UniversityNorth Ryde NSW Australia;</p> <p>Department of Geography Planning and Environmental ManagementUniversity of QueenslandSt Lucia Brisbane QLD Australia;</p> <p>Department of Environmental SciencesMacquarie UniversityNorth Ryde NSW Australia;</p> </div> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zhdw" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> </li> <li > <span class="lefttit">收录信息</span> <span style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"></span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">原文格式</span> <span>PDF</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">正文语种</span> <span>eng</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">中图分类</span> <span><a href="https://www.zhangqiaokeyan.com/clc/163.html" title="地球物理学">地球物理学;</a></span> </li> <li class="antistop"> <span class="lefttit">关键词</span> <p style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;"> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=disturbance events&option=203" rel="nofollow">disturbance events;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=connectivity&option=203" rel="nofollow">connectivity;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=sensitivity&option=203" rel="nofollow">sensitivity;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=metrics&option=203" rel="nofollow">metrics;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=cause‐and‐effect&option=203" rel="nofollow">cause‐and‐effect;</a> </p> <div class="translation"> 机译：干扰事件;连接;敏感性;指标;因果关系; 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