Ring-Shaped Seismicity Structures Forming before Large Earthquakes and the Great Earthquakes in the Western and Eastern Pacific

摘要

We consider the characteristics of seismicity before large earthquakes and the great earthquakes in the periphery of the Pacific Ocean. It is found that earthquakes with M-w = 7.0-9.2 that occurred in 1964-2016 were preceded by the formation of ring-shaped seismicity structures, usually in two depth ranges: 0-33 and 34-70 km. We obtain correlations between sizes of shallow (L) and deep (l) seismicity rings, threshold magnitudes (M-th1 and M-th2, respectively), and the time of their formation (T-1 and T-2, respectively) on magnitudes M-w of the mainshocks. It is shown that the sizes of ring-shaped structures at any given M-w for earthquakes in the western margin of the Pacific are significantly smaller than for those in the eastern margin. However, the values of M-th1 and M-th2 are close for these two regions. Parameters T-1 and T-2 vary considerably depending on the event, but on average they are 27-30 years. It is supposed that the formation of ring-shaped structures is related to the migration of deep-seated fluids, while the difference between characteristics of these structures in the western and eastern margins of the Pacific are caused by different contents of fluids in the crust and upper mantle of the respective regions. This conclusion agrees with the available data on the peculiarities of aftershock processes of large earthquakes in the considered regions.