A Preliminary Investigation on the Biocompatibility Studies of Cellulose from Oil Palm Residue as Surgical Biomaterial

摘要

Introduction: Polysaccharides, like cellulose, are the polymer group with a wide medical applications experience because of their unique properties. It is nontoxic, water soluble, stable to temperature and pH variations_1). Oxidized cellulose is used as a wound dressing_2). Their good matching with mechanical properties of bone, as well as their biocompatibility has been demonstrated_3). In vitro cell culture methods are the basic starting point whereby, biological responses to materials are determined initially_4). In this study, an in vitro biocompatibility test was carried out to look at cytotoxicity characteristic of our locally produced dcellulose phosphate on osteoblast and chondroblast cell lines.Methodology: Cellulose samples were prepared from the oil palm residues. The cell line used in this study was human osteoblast and Chondroblast obtained from the American Type Culture Collection. An in vitro cytotoxicity test was carried out on the cellulose material using indirect methods.Results and Discussion: The cytotoxicity of osteoblast cells at 72 hours using MTT assay is being shown in Figure 1. The percentage of cell proliferation was seen to diminish with the increment in the concentration of extract of cellulose phosphate. The concentration for lC-50 whereby there was 50% cell growth in the culture medium was determined at 60 mg/ml. Figure 2 shows the effect of cellulose phosphate extract to the chondroblast cells. The percentage of cell proliferation was observed to be slightly decreased with the increase in the concentration of extract. The cell proliferation was almost 80%, even at the concentration of 200 mg/ml at 72 hour using MTT assay. Therefore, no lC-50 was observed for chondroblast cells in this study. The progression of the disease is always causing defect on the human bodysi. The defect may need to be replaced. However, the use of the biomaterial must be tested for its biocompatibility on human cells.Conclusion: The results suggest the biocompatibility of cellulose from oil palm residue on human cell lines is good and not cytotoxic.