Is There a Role for Programmed Death Ligand-1 Testing and Immunotherapy in Colorectal Cancer With Microsatellite Instability? Part II-The Challenge of Programmed Death Ligand-1 Testing and Its Role in Microsatellite Instability-High Colorectal Cancer

摘要

Context.-The world of oncology has changed dramatically in the past few years with the introduction of checkpoint inhibitors and immunotherapy. The promising findings of a small, phase 2 clinical trial that led to the US Food and Drug Administration breakthrough designation and approval of the anti-programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) drug pembrolizumab (Keytruda, Merck, Kenil-worth, New Jersey) to treat metastatic/refractory microsatellite instability-high colorectal cancer (CRC) has significantly boosted interest in immunomodulatory therapies in microsatellite instability-high CRC.