Does Southern Ocean Surface Forcing Shape the Global Ocean Overturning Circulation?

Sun Shantong; Eisenman Ian; Stewart Andrew L.

摘要

Abstract >Paleoclimate proxy data suggest that the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) was shallower at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) than its preindustrial (PI) depth. Previous studies have suggested that this shoaling necessarily accompanies Antarctic sea ice expansion at the LGM. Here the influence of Southern Ocean surface forcing on the AMOC depth is investigated using ocean‐only simulations from a state‐of‐the‐art climate model with surface forcing specified from the output of previous coupled PI and LGM simulations. In contrast to previous expectations, we find that applying LGM surface forcing in the Southern Ocean and PI surface forcing elsewhere causes the AMOC to shoal only about half as much as when LGM surface forcing is applied globally. We show that this occurs because diapycnal mixing renders the Southern Ocean overturning circulation more diabatic than previously assumed, which diminishes the influence of Southern Ocean surface buoyancy forcing on the depth of the AMOC. </abstract> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> <div class="translation abstracttxt"> <span class="zhankaihshouqi fivelineshidden" id="abstract"> <span>机译：</span><Abstract Type =“main”XML：lang =“en”xml：id =“grl56998-abs-abs-abs-0001”> <title type =“main”>抽象</ title> >古古基的代理数据表明大西洋的子午线倾覆循环（AMOC）在最后的冰川最大（LGM）上浅，而不是其预生产（PI）深度。以前的研究表明，这种浅滩必然伴随着LGM的南极海冰膨胀。在这里，使用从先前耦合PI和LGM模拟的输出指定的表面强制，研究了南洋表面强制对武器深度的影响。与以前的期望相反，我们发现在南海和PI表面迫使其他地方迫使LGM表面强迫施用，只要全球LGM表面强制施加大约一半就会导致浅滩。我们展示了这一点，因为腹股沟混合使南海倾覆循环比以前假设的血液循环越来越多，这减少了南洋表面浮力迫使amoc深度的影响。</ p> </摘要> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> <div class="record"> <h2 class="all_title" id="enpatent33" >著录项</h2> <ul> <li> <span class="lefttit">来源</span> <div style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"> <a href='/journal-foreign-23539/'>《Geophysical Research Letters》</a> <b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>2018年第5期</span><b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>共11页</span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="author"> <span class="lefttit">作者</span> <p id="fAuthorthree" class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi"> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Sun Shantong&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Sun Shantong;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Eisenman Ian&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Eisenman Ian;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Stewart Andrew L.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Stewart Andrew L.;</a> </p> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zkzz" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </li> <li> <div style="display: flex;"> <span class="lefttit">作者单位</span> <div style="position: relative;margin-left: 3px;max-width: 639px;"> <div class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi" id="fOrgthree"> <p>Scripps Institution of OceanographyUniversity of California San DiegoLa Jolla CA USA;</p> <p>Scripps Institution of OceanographyUniversity of California San DiegoLa Jolla CA USA;</p> <p>Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaLos Angeles CA USA;</p> </div> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zhdw" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> </li> <li > <span class="lefttit">收录信息</span> <span style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"></span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">原文格式</span> <span>PDF</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">正文语种</span> <span>eng</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">中图分类</span> <span><a href="https://www.zhangqiaokeyan.com/clc/163.html" title="地球物理学">地球物理学;</a></span> </li> <li class="antistop"> <span class="lefttit">关键词</span> <p style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;"> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Southern Ocean&option=203" rel="nofollow">Southern Ocean;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=global ocean overturning circulation&option=203" rel="nofollow">global ocean overturning circulation;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=climate model&option=203" rel="nofollow">climate model;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Last Glacial Maximum&option=203" rel="nofollow">Last Glacial Maximum;</a> </p> <div class="translation"> 机译：南海;全球海洋推翻流通;气候模型;最后冰川最大值; 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J. OKane&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">T. J. OKane,</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=R. J. Matear&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">R. J. Matear,</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=M. A. Chamberlain&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">M. A. Chamberlain,</a> <a href="/conference-foreign-198174/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_authcolor">Australasian fluid mechanics conference .</a> <span>2012</span> </span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：海洋一般环流模型中的低频变化的南洋本征和强迫模式</span> </p> </li> <li> <div> <b>5. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/academic-degree-foreign_mphd_thesis/02061859300.html">Surface Constraints on the Global Ocean Overturning Circulation: Southern Ocean vs North Atlantic</a> <b>[D] </b> . <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Sun, Shantong.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">Sun, Shantong. </a> <span>2019</span> </span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：全球海洋倾覆流通的表面限制：南洋vs北大西洋</span> </p> </li> <li> <div> <b>6. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/academic-journal-foreign-pmc_detail_thesis/040002279937.html">Antarctic lakes suggest millennial reorganizations of Southern Hemisphere atmospheric and oceanic circulation</a> <b>[O] </b> . <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Brenda L. Hall&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">Brenda L. Hall,</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=George H. Denton&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">George H. Denton,</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Andrew G. Fountain&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">Andrew G. Fountain,</a> <span>2010</span> </span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：南极湖泊表明南半球大气和海洋环流的千年重组</span> </p> </li> <li> <div> <b>7. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/open-access_resources_thesis/0100022770768.html ">The oceans mediate the response of global climate to natural and anthropogenic forcings. Yet for the past 2,000 years — a key interval for understanding the present and future climate response to these forcings — global sea surface temperature changes and the underlying driving mechanisms are poorly constrained. Here we present a global synthesis of sea surface temperatures for the Common Era (ce) derived from 57 individual marine reconstructions that meet strict quality control criteria. We observe a cooling trend from 1 to 1800 ce that is robust against explicit tests for potential biases in the reconstructions. Between 801 and 1800 ce, the surface cooling trend is qualitatively consistent with an independent synthesis of terrestrial temperature reconstructions, and with a sea surface temperature composite derived from an ensemble of climate model simulations using best estimates of past external radiative forcings. Climate simulations using single and cumulative forcings suggest that the ocean surface cooling trend from 801 to 1800 ce is not primarily a response to orbital forcing but arises from a high frequency of explosive volcanism. Our results show that repeated clusters of volcanic eruptions can induce a net negative radiative forcing that results in a centennial and global scale cooling trend via a decline in mixed-layer oceanic heat content.</a> <b>[O] </b> . <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=McGregor, Helen V.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">McGregor, Helen V.,</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Evans, Michael N.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">Evans, Michael N.,</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Goosse, Hugues&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">Goosse, Hugues,</a> <span>2015</span> </span> </div> <p class="zwjiyix translation" style="max-width: initial;height: auto;word-break: break-all;white-space: initial;text-overflow: initial;overflow: initial;"> <span>机译：海洋调节了全球气候对自然和人为强迫的响应。然而，在过去的2,000年中（这是了解当前和未来气候对这些强迫的响应的关键间隔），全球海表温度变化及其潜在的驱动机制受到的约束很有限。在这里，我们提出了一个共同的时期（ce）的全球海面温度的全球综合，该综合来自57个符合严格质量控制标准的海洋重建项目。我们观察到从1到1800 ce的冷却趋势，对于显式测试重建中潜在的偏倚而言，该趋势很稳健。在801至1800 ce之间，表面降温趋势在质量上与地面温度重建的独立合成以及从使用过去外部辐射强迫的最佳估计的气候模型模拟集合推导出的海面温度合成在质量上是一致的。使用单一和累积强迫的气候模拟表明，从801到1800 ce的海洋表面冷却趋势主要不是对轨道强迫的反应，而是爆炸性火山爆发的频繁发生。我们的结果表明，火山喷发的反复簇可引起净的负辐射强迫，这会导致混合层海洋热量降低而导致百年和全球规模的降温趋势。</span> </p> </li> </ul> <ul style="display: none;"> <li> <div> <b>1. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/academic-journal-cn_acta-oceanologica-sinica_thesis/0201253887406.html">全球海洋环流模式中上层海洋对表面强迫的响应和调整Ⅱ.年代际变率</a> <b>[J]</b> <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=容新尧&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor"> . 容新尧</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=杨修群&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">,杨修群</a> <span> <a href="/journal-cn-4977/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_authcolor"> . 海洋学报（中文版） </a> </span> <span> . 2005</span><span>,第003期</span> </span> </div> </li> <li> <div> <b>2. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/academic-journal-cn_acta-oceanologica-sinica_thesis/0201253887924.html">全球海洋环流模式中上层海洋对表面强迫的响应和调整Ⅰ.年际变率</a> <b>[J]</b> <span> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=容新尧&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor"> . 容新尧</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=杨修群&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_auth tuijian_authcolor">,杨修群</a> <span> <a href="/journal-cn-4977/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="tuijian_authcolor"> . 海洋学报（中文版） </a> </span> <span> . 2004</span><span>,第002期</span> </span> </div> </li> <li> <div> <b>3. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/academic-journal-cn_satellite-application_thesis/0201297109790.html">美法贾森-3卫星开始全球海洋表面测量</a> <b>[J]</b> <span> <a 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