Fluid prescription in children. Where are we now?

摘要

Fluid prescription in children has, for many years, been based on calculations derived from energy expenditure in healthy children and the solute load that arises from ingesting cows' milk. In the per-operative period, reduced energy expenditure and non-osmotic stimuli for antidiuretic hormone secretion render children acutely susceptible to hyponatramia if 'conventional' fluid prescribing guidelines are followed. This article reviews the recently issued safety guidelines on type and volume of fluids that are appropriate for fluid maintenance and resuscitation in the per-operative period.