Sympatric subpopulations of Botrytis cinerea on strawberries based on the content of transposable elements and their connection with resistance to botryticides.

摘要

Botrytis cinerea (teleomorph Botryotinia fuckeliana) is the cause of grey mould on strawberries, which is one of the most widespread strawberry diseases in the world. The fungus manifests extraordinary genotype and phenotype variability and adaptability. One of the causes of this variability is attributed to transposable elements (TE) from the transposon and retrotransposon groups. In this fungus, two TEs have been discovered: retrotransposon (Boty) and transposon (Flipper). Based on these two TEs, the fungus B. cinerea has been divided into two sympatric sibling species: transpose which contains both TE, and vacuma which contains neither. In order to determine the connection between these subpopulations and their resistance to Botrytis fungicides (botryticides), we obtained 84 B. cinerea isolates from strawberry fields that had been treated with botryticides from the groups: benzimidazoles, dicarboximides, phenylsulfamides, anilinopyrimidines, hydroxyanilidines, and phenylpyrroles. We identified four subpopulations of the fungus with the following content of TE: transposa (both TE), vacuma (without TE), only Boty subpopulation, and only Flipper subpopulation. The representation of transposa was 41% and that of vacuma was 23%. The remaining two subpopulations, with one of each of these elements, were represented by Flipper only (26%) and Boty only (9%). Most of the isolates proved to be resistant to at least one of the tested botryticides with most of them being resistant to the phenylsulfamides and benzimidazoles. The largest percentage of botryticide resistant strains was within the transposa subpopulation..