State primary standard for electron flux, flux density and fluence, for electron and radiation flux energy, flux density energy and fluence energy

I. A. Kharitonov; I. I. Tsvetkov

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State primary standard for electron flux, flux density and fluence, for electron and radiation flux energy, flux density energy and fluence energy

机译：关于电子通量，通量密度和能量密度，电子和辐射通量能量，通量密度能量和能量密度的国家主要标准

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The results of development and investigations of the new State primary standard for electron flux, flux density and fluence, for electron and radiation flux energy, flux density energy and fluence energy with energy less than 50 MeV are presented. The characteristics of the foreign analogies and the results of comparisons in SSDL system are presented.

机译：给出了新的电子通量，通量密度和能量密度的国家主要标准的开发和研究结果，该标准对能量小于50 MeV的电子和辐射通量能量，通量密度能量和能量密度进行了研究。介绍了国外类比的特点和SSDL系统的比较结果。

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《Измерительная техниκа》 |2001年第12期|共4页
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I. A. Kharitonov; I. I. Tsvetkov;
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中图分类计量学;
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1. State standards: state primary standard for flux units, electron flux density and transport density(fluence), energy flux, flux density and transport density(fluence) of electron and bremsstrahlung radiation energy [J] . I.A.Kharitonov, I.I.Tsvetkov Measurement techniques . 2001,第12期

机译：国家标准：有关通量单位，电子通量密度和传输密度（通量），能量通量，电子和致辐射能量的通量密度和传输密度（通量）的国家一级标准
2. State primary standard for electron flux, flux density and fluence, for electron and radiation flux energy, flux density energy and fluence energy [J] . I. A. Kharitonov, I. I. Tsvetkov Измерительная техниκа . 2001,第12期

机译：关于电子通量，通量密度和能量密度，电子和辐射通量能量，通量密度能量和能量密度的国家主要标准
3. State primary standard for electron flux, flux density and fluence, for electron and radiation flux energy, flux density energy and fluence energy [J] . I. A. Kharitonov, I. I. Tsvetkov Измерительная техниκа . 2001,第12期

机译：电子通量，通量密度和注量的国家初级标准，用于电子和辐射磁通量，助焊剂密度能量和注量能量
4. Magnetic flux loss of the permanent magnets used for the wigglers of FELs by the irradiation with high-energy electrons or X-rays [C] . International free electron laser conference . 1998

机译：用高能电子或X射线照射用于纤维杆的永磁体的磁通量损失
5. The storm time evolution in the night side high altitude field aligned wave Poynting flux and its relation to low altitude downward electron kinetic energy flux at low latitudes. [D] . Thaller, Scott A. 2014

机译：夜间高空场对准波Poynting通量的风暴时间演变及其与低纬度低空下行电子动能通量的关系。
6. Simulation of high-energy radiation belt electron fluxes using NARMAX-VERB coupled codes [O] . I P Pakhotin, A Y Drozdov, Y Y Shprits, -1

机译：使用NARMAX-VERB耦合代码模拟高能辐射带电子通量
7. This article presents a new numerical model describing the behaviour of a thermally thick wood sample exposed to high solar heat flux (above 1 MW/m2). A preliminary study based on dimensionless numbers is used to classify the problem and support model building assumptions. Then, a model based on mass, momentum and energy balance equations is proposed. These equations are coupled with liquid-vapour drying model and pseudo species biomass degradation model. By comparing to a former experimental study, preliminary results have shown that these equations are not enough to accurately predict biomass behaviour under high solar heat flux. Indeed, a char layer acting as radiative shield forms on the sample exposed surface. In addition to this classical set of equations, it is mandatory to take into account radiation penetration into the medium. Furthermore, as biomass contains water, medium deformation consecutively to char steam gasification must also be implemented. Finally, with the addition of these two strategies, the model is able to properly capture the degradation of biomass when exposed to high radiative heat flux over a range of sample initial moisture content. Additional insights of biomass behaviour under high solar heat flux were also derived. Drying, pyrolysis and gasification fronts are present at the same time inside of the sample. The coexistence of these three thermochemical fronts leads to char gasification by the steam produced from drying of the sample, which it is the main phenomenon behind medium ablation. [O] . Pozzobon, Victor, Salvador, Sylvain, Bézian, Jean Jacques 2018

机译：本文提供了一个新的数值模型，该模型描述了暴露于高太阳热通量（高于1 / MW / m2）的热厚木材样品的行为。基于无量纲数的初步研究用于对问题进行分类并支持模型构建假设。然后，提出了一种基于质量，动量和能量平衡方程的模型。这些方程式与液体蒸汽干燥模型和假物种生物质降解模型耦合。通过与以前的实验研究进行比较，初步结果表明，这些方程不足以准确预测高太阳热通量下的生物量行为。的确，在样品暴露的表面上形成了充当辐射屏蔽层的炭层。除了这套经典的方程式之外，还必须考虑到辐射向介质的渗透。此外，由于生物质中含有水，因此还必须在炭蒸气汽化后进行连续的介质变形。最后，通过添加这两种策略，该模型能够在一定范围的样品初始水分含量下暴露于高辐射热通量的情况下，正确捕获生物质的降解。还得出了在高太阳热通量下生物量行为的其他见解。样品内部同时存在干燥，热解和气化前沿。这三个热化学前沿的共存会导致样品干燥产生的蒸汽产生焦炭气化，这是介质烧蚀的主要现象。
8. Electron Energy Degradation in the Atmosphere: Consequent Species and Energy Densities,Electron-Flux,and Radiation Spectra. [R] . myers,benjamin f. schoonover,melvin r. 1975

机译：大气中的电子能量降解：随后的物种和能量密度，电子通量和辐射光谱。

State primary standard for electron flux, flux density and fluence, for electron and radiation flux energy, flux density energy and fluence energy

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