Prostatic artery embolization to treat lower urinary tract symptoms related to benign prostatic hyperplasia and bleeding in patients with prostate cancer: Proceedings from a multidisciplinary research consensus panel

摘要

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a common condition related to aging, involves histologic changes associated with unregulated but benign proliferations of glandular and stromal prostate tissue leading to increased prostate volume (PV) and smooth muscle tone. Increased PV (the static component) or stromal smooth muscle tone (the dynamic component) may cause physical compression of the urethra and mechanical bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) (1). BOO may produce lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), a cluster of chronic urinary disorders including urinary frequency and urgency, nocturia, difficulty initiating urination, sense of incomplete bladder emptying, decreased force of urinary stream, and interruption of urinary stream.