Halsham et al. (1907) stated "Every tool has two ends, one working on the material, the other on the man".The earliest known representation of the scalpel is at the temple of Aesculapius in Athens (circa 300 BC). This double-ended instrument had a blade for cutting at one end, and a spatula for blunt dissection at the other. Dual-purpose instruments were valued, with modifications, until the 20th century. During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, scalpel handles were often manufactured from metal combined with either wood, pearl, horn or ivory. Modern scalpel handles have been manufactured from stainless steel since its development in the mid-1910s.
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