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The Major Floods in the Amazonas River and Tributaries (Western Amazon Basin) during the 1970-2012 Period: A Focus on the 2012 Flood

机译:1970-2012年期间亚马逊河和支流(西亚马逊河盆地)的主要洪水:以2012年洪水为重点

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In this work, the authors analyze the origin of the extreme floods in the Peruvian Amazonas River during the 1970-2012 period, focusing on the recent April 2012 flooding (55400m3 s-1). Several hydrological variables, such as rainfall, terrestrial water storage, and discharge, point out that the unprecedented 2012 flood is mainly related to an early and abundant wet season over the north of the basin. Thus, the peak of the Mara?ón River, the northern contributor of the Amazonas, occurred sooner than usual (in April instead of May), coinciding with the peak of the Ucayali River, the southern contributor. This concomitance caused a dramatic flood downstream in the Peruvian Amazonas. These results are compared to the amplitude and timing of the three most severe extreme floods (1970-2011). The analysis of the climatic features related to the most important floods (1986, 1993, 1999, and 2012) suggests that they are characterized by a La Ni~na event, which originates a geopotential height wave train near the ground, with positive anomalies over the subtropical South and North Pacific and Atlantic and over southeastern South America. These patterns contribute to 1) the origin of an abundant humidity transport flux from the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea toward the northwestern Amazon and 2) the maintenance of the monsoon flux over this region. They both favor a strong convergence of humidity in the northern Amazonas basin. Finally, the authors suggest that the intensity of floods is more likely related to an early La Ni?a event (as observed during the 2011/12 season), early rainfall, and simultaneous peaks of both tributaries of the Amazonas River.
机译:在这项工作中,作者分析了1970-2012年间秘鲁亚马逊河的极端洪灾成因,重点是最近的2012年4月洪灾(55400m3 s-1)。一些水文变量,例如降雨,陆地水储量和流量,都指出,2012年空前的洪水主要与流域北部早期的丰水季节有关。因此,亚马逊河北部贡献者马拉隆河的高峰发生时间比平常要早(4月而不是5月),与南部贡献者乌卡亚里河的高峰相吻合。这种偶然性在秘鲁亚马逊河下游造成了严重的洪灾。将这些结果与三个最严重的特大洪水(1970-2011年)的振幅和时间进行了比较。对与最重要洪水(1986、1993、1999和2012)相关的气候特征的分析表明,它们的特征是La Ni〜na事件,该事件起源于地面附近的地势高度波列,且正值出现异常。亚热带的南,北太平洋和大西洋以及南美东南部。这些模式有助于1)从热带北大西洋和加勒比海到西北亚马逊河的大量湿度传输通量的起源,以及2)维持该地区的季风通量。他们俩都赞成在北部亚马逊河流域的湿度强烈收敛。最后,这组作者认为,洪水的强度更可能与早期的拉尼娜事件(如2011/12季观察到),早期降雨以及亚马孙河两个支流的同时高峰有关。

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