The climate memory of an Arctic polythermal glacier

摘要

Knowledge of glacier equilibrium-line altitude (ELA) changes and trends in time is essential for future predictions of glacier volumes. We present a novel method for determining trends in ELA change at McCall Glacier, Alaska, USA, over the last 50 years, based on mapping of the cold-temperate transition surface (CTS), marking the limit between cold and temperate ice of a polythermal glacier. Latent heat release from percolating meltwater and precipitation keeps the ice column temperate in the accumulation area. A change from accumulation to ablation zone reduces this heat release, leading locally to glacier ice cooling. By mapping the CTS along the whole glacier length using radio-echo sounding and employing a thermodynamic model, the timing of the cooling was determined, from which past ELAs were constructed. These are in accord with mass-balance measurements carried out on McCall Glacier since the 1950s. We show that with a warming climate, McCall Glacier tends to cool in a counter-intuitive way.