Modeling the Downwelling Longwave Radiation over a Groomed Ski Rununder Clear Skies

摘要

The surface radiation budget of a groomed ski run is important to ski racing. Variables such as snow-surface temperature and liquid water content depend upon the surface radiation budget and are crucial to preparing fast skis. This case study focuseson downwelling longwave radiation, measurements of which were made at a point on a ski run on Whistler Mountain, British Columbia, Canada, throughout a 5-day clear-sky intensive observation period. Tall trees often dominate the horizon of a point on a ski run, and so contributions to total downwelling longwave radiation from trees and sky were treated separately. The "LWRAD" longwave radiative flux model estimated the total downwelling longwave radiation by first calculating thermal contributions from the trees, incorporating regressions for tree temperature that use routine meteorological measurements. Contributions from each azimuth direction were determined with horizon-elevation angles from a theodolite survey. Thermal emissions were weighted accordingly and summed. Sky contributions were estimated using the "libRadtran" radiative transfer model with input of local atmospheric profiles of temperature and humidity and were added to tree emissions. Two clear-sky emissivity parameterizations using screen-height measurements were tested for comparison. LWRAD total downwelling longwave radiation varies between 235 and 265 W m~2 and compares well to measurements, with correlation coefficient squared (r2) of 0.96. These results can be used to improve estimates of downwelling longwave radiation for a groomed ski run.