A Revision of the Tonnoidea (Caenogastropoda, Gastropoda)from the Miocene Paratethysand their Palaeobiogeographic Implications

摘要

The 24 species of Tonnoidea present in the Miocene Paratethyan assemblages are described and discussed. Species of tonnoideans have wide geo-graphical and time ranges, unparalleled in any other gastropod group. Consequently, most Paratethyan species are widespread in the Mediterraneanand Atlantic bioprovinces. Several species display their first appearance in the Middle Miocene of the Paratethys Sea. Moreover, the distribution of ton-noidean gastropods within the Paratethys documents a strong climate forcing due to the Mid-Miocene Climate Optimum, indicated by diversity peaks,and the subsequent Miocene cooling indicated by a step-wise decline of diversities. Phases of geodynamically induced isolation, such as the Ottnan-gian, coincide with distinctly increasing endemicity. Cassidaria (Galeodea) cingulifera HOERNES & AUINGER, 1884 and Galeodea stephaniophora FONTANNES, 1880 are both considered junior subjective syn-onyms of Eudolium subintermedium (D'ORBIGNY, 1852). Echinophora hoernesi SACCO, 1890 is considered a junior subjective synonym of E. haueri (HOER-NES & AUINGER, 1884). Triton tarbellianum GRATELOUP, 1847 is considered a junior subjective synonym of Sassia (Sassia) turrita EICHWALD, 1830, Tritonparvulum MICHELOTTI, 1853 is considered a junior subjective synonym of Cymatiella tritonea (GRATELOUP, 1847), Ranella (Lampas) austriaca HOERNES &AUINGER, 1884 is considered a junior subjective synonym of Bursa ranelloides (REEVE, 1844), which has a Recent type specimen. Ranella papillosaPUSCH, 1837, Ranella lessonae BELLARDI, 1873 and Apollon lessonae race occidentalis COSSMANN & PEYROT, 1924 are all considered junior subjective syn-onyms of Bursa corrugata (PERRY, 1811), which also has a Recent type.