Evaluating of karstification in the Mentese Region of southwest Turkey with GIS and remote sensing applications

摘要

In this research, karstification in Mentese Region of southwest of Turkey has been studied by GIS and remote sensing applications. Macro karstic features (doline, uvala, tectono-karstic depression and fluvio-karstic valley) of the area extending from Lake Bafa to Gokova Bay have been mapped with digitized geology and topography maps and satellite image. Micro and macro karstification have developed in dolomitic and cherty limestones belonging to Dogger-Createcous, Campanian-Maestrihtien, Senoman, Jurassic-Createcous, Middle Triassic-Liassic, Permian and terrestrial limestones of Pliocene. Dislocation lines (fault-lineament) in the direction of northwest-southeast and northeast-southwest extracted from geology maps and satellite image are important agents in evaluation of macro karstic forms. Relief generation cycles at three levels have been defined according to the TIN surface (Triangulated Irregular Network) and geomorphology map of Turkey. Based on this application, it is possible to say that changing climatic and tectonic conditions from Miocene to Pliocene have affected to the course of karstification. Slope and elevation maps extracted from DEM have been compared with macro karstic features in GIS environment. Macro karst features have mostly developed between 0-40 degrees and in areas where slope is greater than 40 degrees a clear macro karst hasn't become. Tectono-karstic depressions and uvalas have formed between 0-1,000 in, doline type karstic depressions have developed between 1,000-1,500 in and an evident macro karst form hasn't become at elevations higher than 1,500 in. Shaded relief image of the area originated from DEM has designated that the area has a rough relief being created by neotectonic movements. This uneven area dissected by rivers is a suitable environment for karstic process. According to the agents functioning on karstification, it has been described that Mentese Region has a "structure-erosion-corrosion karst" type.