Effect of irrigation regimes and sources of nitrogen on the growth, yield, economics and soil nitrogen of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var botrytis subvar cauliflora) production.

摘要

An experiment was conducted in New Delhi, India, during 2003-05 to study the effects of irrigation regimes and nitrogen sources on the yield, water use parameters and soil nitrogen of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) cv. Pusa Snow Ball K-1. Three irrigation regimes (20, 30 and 40 mm CPE) and seven nitrogen treatments (control (0 kg N/ha); 75 kg N (urea)/ha; 75 kg N (subabul (Leucaena leucocephala)+farmyard manure (FYM))/ha; 25 kg N (urea)/ha+Azotobacter+5 t FYM/ha; 50 kg N (urea)/ha+Azotobacter; 50 kg N (urea)/ha+5 t FYM/ha; and 50 kg N (urea)/ha+Azotobacter+5 t FYM/ha) were provided. During both years, treatment with 30 mm CPE recorded the highest plant height (43.0 cm), number of leaves per plant (18.3), leaf area index (2.6), stalk length (9.2 cm), dry matter production (105.7 g/plant), days to final maturity (105.5), total biomass yield (54.4 t/ha), marketable yield (18.2 t/ha), available soil nitrogen (259.4 kg/ha), net return (Rs 49 447) and benefit:cost ratio (4.10) among the irrigation regimes. Irrigation at 20 mm CPE recorded the highest harvest index (0.381). Among the N treatments, 50 kg N (urea)/ha+5 t FYM/ha recorded the highest plant height (43.5 cm), number of leaves per plant (19.0 cm), leaf area index (2.7), dry matter production (118.2 g/plant), total biomass production (50.9 t/ha), marketable yield (18.3 t/ha), total soil nitrogen (0.047%), net return (Rs 48 880) and benefit:cost ratio (3.78). Treatment with 75 kg N (urea)/ha recorded the highest stalk length (9.2 cm). Treatment with 25 kg (urea)/ha+Azotobacter+5 t FYM/ha recorded the highest harvest index (0.400). Treatment with 50 kg N (urea)/ha+Azotobacter+5 t FYM/ha recorded the highest days to final maturity (105.7) and available soil nitrogen (261.8 kg/ha)..