The development of functional Stereotactic neurosur-gery has been a major step in the field of neurosurgery. The history of this field may be considered in 3 separate time periods in relationship to the discovery of levodopa. The era preceding levodopa saw the birth of the field of functional neurosurgery. Many important developments were made including the invention of Stereotactic frames and Stereotactic atlases, and lesioning techniques. This era was limited, however, by variability in targets, imprecise targeting techniques, and a lack of grading systems to evaluate surgical results critically.
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