Methods for controlling soilborne pests of tomato utilizing non-fumigant pesticides, 2009.

摘要

The test was conducted in the spring of 2009 at the Black Shank Farm, a research unit on the Coastal Plain Experiment Station of the University of Georgia Tifton Campus. The test area was a field with a history of high populations of southern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) and purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus). All experimental plots were inoculated with equal amounts of sclerotia of Sclerotium rolfsii just prior to fumigation. When chloropicrin, Vapam~R, or methyl bromide were not partof a treatment program, Sencor~R (at 0.5 lb/A) and Dual Magnum~R (12.0 fl oz/A) herbicides were applied as plastic mulch was being laid using specialized spray booms mounted between the final bed press and the plastic being laid. Plots were 30 ft long and were arranged in a randomized complete block design with six replications per treatment. Rows were 6 ft from center to center although the final raised beds were 32 in. across the top. Telone II~R, at 12 gal/A broadcast-injected 12 inches deep, was applied on 13 Mar to plots receiving Telone II alone and the Georgia 3-way (Telone II, metam sodium, chloropicrin) fumigant combination. On 23 Mar, Methyl bromide + chloropicrin (50:50) was applied at 350 lb/A to a depth of 8 in.; chloropicrin was applied at 150 lb/A 8 in.deep on the same day. Both fumigants were applied using a pre-bed shaper. Metam-sodium at 75 gal/A was applied through disc harrows spaced 4 in. apart just prior to forming the final bed and laying plastic. On 19 Mar, MCW was applied to the soil surface of the 6-ft bed at 7.1 pt/A using a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 25 gal/A. A power-driven rototiller was used to immediately incorporate the nematicide into the top 4 in. of the soil. The initial Vydate~R treatment was applied at 8.5 pt/A on the same day and in the same manner as MCW. Metalized mulch and drip tape were applied using the same bedder/plastic layer as described above. Approximately 1 month after the pre-plant application of MCW, a second application of MCW at 3.56 pt/A was made through the drip irrigation tape. In plots where Vydate~R was incorporated, subsequent Vydate~R applications at 64 fl oz/A were drip-applied every two weeks after planting. Ridomil Gold~R SL at 1.0 pt/A was drip-applied oneday after transplanting on 15 Apr. Quadris~R at 15.5 fl oz/A was applied through the drip tape on 4 May. Tomato seedlings were transplanted on 14 Apr and were spaced 2 ft apart in the row. Tomato plants in test plots were evaluated for plant growth andvigor throughout the test. Tomatoes were harvested on 22 and 29 Jun and on 6 Jul. Ten plants per plot were destructively sampled after the last harvest and evaluated for root-knot galling using a 1-10 scale where 1 = little to no galling and 10 = 100% galled roots. Southern blight incidence was recorded on 6 Jul.